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The short answer: To pick the right clarinet, match it to your skill level (beginner, student, or pro) and choose between ABS resin or grenadilla wood, while ensuring proper keywork and a reputable brand like Yamaha or Buffet Crampon.
Your experience determines the best clarinet type. For beginners, a student model made of ABS resin is ideal. It is durable, lightweight, and affordable (typical price range $200 to $600). Intermediate players should look for a wooden clarinet with better keywork, such as a grenadilla model with plateau keys or an extra key for alternate fingerings. Professional clarinets are almost always grenadilla wood with precise keywork, silver plated keys, and a bore design for richer tone. A common mistake is buying a wooden clarinet for a beginner; wood can crack if not cared for properly. Instead, start with resin and upgrade later. If you are unsure, student models from Yamaha (like the YCL 255) or Buffet Crampon (like the B12) are top picks in our research.
Clarinets are made from either ABS resin or grenadilla wood (also called African blackwood). Resin clarinets are virtually indestructible, impervious to moisture and temperature changes, and require little maintenance. They produce a bright, focused sound that is consistent across registers. Wood clarinets produce a warmer, darker tone with more complexity and projection. However, wood is susceptible to cracking if not humidified (optimal storage at 40% to 60% relative humidity). Wood clarinets also cost more: student wood models start around $600, while professional models can exceed $3,000. For outdoor marching or school use, resin is practical. For concert or orchestral playing, wood is preferred. Some manufacturers offer composite materials (like Greenline) that mimic wood but are more stable, though they are less common.
The number of keys and their layout affect playability. Standard student clarinets have 17 keys and 6 rings. Intermediate models may add an extra key for left hand Eb or a plateau (covered) key for the right hand little finger. Pro models often include an articulated C#/G# key and a low F correction key. Look for undercut tone holes, which improve intonation and response. Check for smooth action: keys should move without friction and springs should be strong enough to return quickly. Avoid clarinets with plastic keys (often found on very cheap models); nickel silver or silver plated keys are standard. Also consider the barrel and bell design. A longer barrel (66mm) improves tuning in the upper register. Many pros use a custom barrel for better resonance, but for most players the stock barrel is fine.
The mouthpiece is critical for tone and response. Most clarinets come with a student mouthpiece that is adequate for beginners, but upgrading can significantly improve performance. Look for a mouthpiece made of hard rubber (ebonite) rather than plastic. The tip opening and facing length affect resistance and brightness. Beginners should use a medium tip opening (around 1.05mm) and a medium facing. Ligatures should hold the reed securely; a simple two screw metal ligature works well. Reeds must be chosen based on strength: beginners often use strength 2 or 2.5; intermediate players use 3 to 3.5. Higher strength reeds produce a fuller tone but require more air support. Always buy a few reeds at a time because they wear out quickly.
Clarinet prices range from $100 (low end) to over $5,000 (professional). For a reliable instrument, budget at least $200 for a used student model or $400 for new. The Yamaha YCL 255 is a top rated student clarinet, known for consistent quality and good intonation. Buffet Crampon’s E11 or B12 are also excellent. For intermediate players, the Buffet E13 or Yamaha YCL 650 offer wood construction and improved keywork. Professional models include Buffet R13 and Yamaha YCL 850. Avoid no name brands or toys; stick with established manufacturers. We recommend checking our 2026 Clarinet Guide: Yamaha YCL-255 Top Pick for a detailed comparison of these models. If possible, test play the clarinet before buying, focusing on ease of producing a steady tone, evenness across registers, and comfort of the thumb rest.
Should I buy a new or used clarinet? Used clarinets can be a great value, but have them inspected by a repair technician. Check for cracks in wood, bent keys, and pad condition. A used Yamaha or Buffet student model from a reputable seller can save 30% to 50%.
What is the difference between a Bb and A clarinet? The Bb clarinet is the standard for most music. The A clarinet is slightly longer and used in orchestral music to play in keys with many sharps. Beginners should start with Bb only.
How often should I replace pads? Pads wear out every 2 to 5 years depending on use. Signs of wear include air leaks (squeaks, difficulty playing low notes) or visible deterioration. Annual maintenance by a technician is recommended.
Related: 2026 Clarinet Guide: Yamaha YCL-255 Top Pick
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